powerbanks \"how it works\"

Today, powerbank is becoming more and more popular because our gadgets or devices are becoming more intelligent and versatile in our daily lives, especially for various types of communication, smart devices such as phones, text messages, and electronics (
Smartphones and tablets)
They need more power to work and continue the day as they should.
Usually, the devices that need backup power now are smartphones and tablets.
Most of us have one.
But not everyone knows how powerbank works.
Some sellers just don\'t explain how their Powerbank works.
Many people end up buying powerbank that fits the wrong specifications for their device\'s needs (
Such as smartphones and tablets).
That\'s why I did this and collected some facts from different manufacturers and blog sites and made it into an Instructure, this may help some people who plan to set up their own power bank or buy the right one.
The power banks were all the rage, with different shapes and sizes.
But what are they?
We explore their potential and how to choose the right one.
What is the power bank and what can they charge?
The portable power supply group consists of special batteries in special cases and special circuits that control the power flow.
They allow you to store electricity (
Bank deposit)
Then use it to charge the mobile device (
Withdrawal from Bank).
As the battery life of our beloved phones, tablets and portable media players exceeds the time we use them every day, power banking is becoming more and more popular.
By keeping the battery back up nearby, you canup your device(s)
Far from the wall socket
The power set we are talking about is almost good for any USBCharging equipment.
Cameras, GoPros, portable speakers, GPS systems, MP3 players, smartphones and even some tablets can be charged from the power bank
In fact, anything that is USB charged at home can be charged from the power bank
All you need to do is remember to make your power bank charge as well!
Power Banks can also be called power stations or battery packs.
What types of power banks are there? -
Three types of power banks found in today\'s market: 1.
Global Power Bank
They are available in many sizes and configurations that can be customized according to your device requirements and budget. 2. Solar-
Power bank full of electricity
They can drop-
Charge the internal battery when placed in the sun.
The solar charging speed is not fast, so they can usually also be charged through the cable. 3.
The third type of power Bank is the old-
Battery case.
While they are handy, the device compatibility for this power group is very narrow, how can I charge the power group?
Most often, the power group will have a dedicated input socket for receiving the power supply.
This power supply can come from a USB socket on the computer, but when using a wall socket adapter, the charging speed may be faster.
We often see electricity banks using micro or micro
USB socket for charging and full power
Size USB socket for discharge.
In very rare cases, the power supply group can be input and output using the same socket, but this is rare and should not assume any power supply group, because trying to inject power into the output will damage the battery.
If you can\'t find a clearly marked input socket, be sure to check out the specific instructions in the manual.
Depending on the capacity of the power supply group and the current charging level, charging can take quite a long time.
For example, the 1500 mAh rated power supply group should charge the same time as a typical smartphone.
For larger banks, this time may double, triple, or quadruple.
Most power banks have an LED indicator to show capacity and power off safely
Prevent overcharging from overheating.
Whenever possible, remove the power from the charge when the power supply is full, or at least avoid long connection
After the full term.
The ambient temperature and power flow also affect the charging time, so it is better to keep the charging time on a regular basis.
Some power banks and high-
Capacity charger (
Like with the ipad). Trying to fast-
Charging the power supply group from the 2A charger can cause damage to the internal circuit.
How long can a power bank last?
This is a problem with loading.
There are two important life expectancy to consider: 1.
The number of charge/discharge cycles that the power supply group can reliably perform during its lifetime. 2.
How long the electricity bank can keep when not in use.
The answer to this can vary between the model of the power supply group, the internal components, and the manufacturing quality.
We try not to give those shares of the power bank with less than 500 charge cycles.
This will allow you to charge 1 to the device from the power bank every day.
Five years before it began to lose its long-term charging power. term.
Better and more expensive power banks can last longer, while smaller and cheaper power banks may have shortages due to their treatment.
Power banks usually do not use them every day, so they usually last for more than 18 months in actual use
World usage patterns.
The second point depends on the quality of the controller circuit and battery.
A good power bank can charge for 3 to 6 months with minimal losses.
Lower quality power banks may have trouble keeping useful fees for 4 to 6 weeks.
In this regard, you get what you pay for if you need a long term
Consider increasing your budget for long-term emergency power supplies to make sure you don\'t fall into a shortage.
Over time, most power banks will slowly lose power, which is affected to some extent by the environment and its treatment.
For example, placing a power supply group in the car, the temperature may fluctuate a lot over time, which may shorten its life.
What does MAh mean?
The rated current of common batteries in mobile devices and power supply groups is amps-
Hours, measured in milliamperes to produce non-Decimal number.
MAh ratings indicate the capacity of the power flow over time. Li-Ion & Li-Polymer lithiumLithium ion and lithium
The polymer battery is the most common type of rechargeable battery in the power supply group. Lithium-
Ion batteries are usually cheaper, mAh capacity is limited, and lithium-
Polymer cells can be larger and will not be affected by memory effects over time.
When power transfer, there will always be loss due to resistance.
The power bank cannot transfer 100% of its actual capacity to the device, so when calculating how many times an average device can charge from a full power supply group of any given size, we will consider this loss.
Based on the battery type, component quality, and environment, the efficiency ratings vary between power groups.
The current industry standard is a rating between 80% and 90%.
Alert for suspicious low
Cost options that claim an efficiency rating of more than 90%.
Device exhaustion this is the state of the battery in the device you wish to charge.
The lower the power, the more the power bank needs to work to revive it.
Due to the increase in efficiency loss over these points, we consider wasting the charging potential by charging in full from 20% to 90%.
Power can be multiplied from 5% to 100%. 1.
How do I know which powerbank is suitable for my device?
Depending on individual needs and requirements, there are several common criteria to consider when selecting powerbank:)
For example, if your phone has a battery capacity of 1500 mAh, it is now 0% mAh, and the power supply of 2200 mAh can charge your phone once.
If your phone\'s battery is 3000 and it\'s 0% now, then a 2200 power group will not be able to charge your phone because the phone\'s battery capacity is higher than the power group.
If you need a powerbank that can charge your phone several times, you need a powerbank with a higher capacity. b)
The output of charging 1 device is 1, and the output of charging 2 devices is 2. c)
Output Specification 1A-1.
Smartphones are generally 5A output, 1. 5A-2.
The Tablets output is generally a tablet. 2.
How long do I need to charge powerbank for the first and subsequent time?
/How many times can Powerbank charge my phone? a)
Powerbank is already pre-
Can be used after charging. b)Re-
The charging time depends on the capacity of the power supply group, the remaining power of the power supply group and the power supply. Example: -
Powerbank: 13000 mAh (0% remaining)-
Power supply/input: 1000 mA plug-
Calculation: 13000 mAh/800 mA = minimum 16. 25 hours (Why 800mA?
Consumes about 20% of the power during charge/discharge)c)
A similar formula is used to calculate the number of times powerbank charges the phone. Example: -
Powerbank: 10000 mAh (full at 90%)-
Phone Battery: 1500 mAh-Calculation: (
10000 mAh x 90% x 80%)
/1500 mAh = up to 5 times (Why 90%?
Assuming that the power supply group stays in good working condition and can save up to 90% of the power)(Why 80%?
Consumes about 20% of the power during charge/discharge)
* Please note that the calculation is based on the normal condition of the powerbank or the device (phone/ tablet)
Not used during charging.
Therefore, if your device is in active use during charging, the charging performance may not be as expected.
* The above calculations are simple examples for easy reference.
Accuracy may vary.
Image in Order 1. Commercial PB (
Upgrade from 1200 to 2800 mah)2.
Commercial PB kit (
Add switch modification and upgrade 2400 to 4000 mah)3.
I tested the commercial PB. Image1-
Use 8 AA Nimh 2800 mah batteries
Use 3*18650 2200 mah Li-
Ion battery * ibles can be found on my DIYsLithium-
Various cathode and electrolyte are used in ion batteries.
Common combination of lithium anode (Li)
Ion dissolved in carbon or graphite and cathode of lithium cobaltoxide (LiCoO2)
Or lithium manganese-oxide (LiMn2O4)
In the liquid electrolyte of lithium salt.
Because they\'re using liquid electrolyte lithium.
The shape of the ion battery is limited to Prism (rectangular)or cylindrical.
The cylindrical type has a similar structure to other cylindrical rechargeable batteries, which insert the anode and cathode into the rectangular shell.
The image link here illustrates this construction method. Lithium-Ion-
The polymer battery is the next stage of development to replace the liquid electrolyte with plastic (or polymer)electrolyte.
This allows the battery to be made in various shapes and sizes.
Significant advantages of lithium-
Size, weight and energy density of ion batteries (
The amount of power the battery can provide). Lithium-
Ion batteries are smaller and lighter than nickel batteries and provide more energy
Cadmium or nickelmetal-
Hydrogen batteries.
In addition, lithium
The ion battery works in a wider temperature range and can be charged before it is fully discharged without creating a memory problem.
Like most new technologies, the downside is pricing.
Currently, lithiumLithium ion and lithiumion-
Polymer batteries are more expensive to manufacture than standard rechargeable batteries.
Part of the cost is due to the volatility of lithium. Lithium-
Advantages of ion batteries in one or more (
Size, weight or energy)
Over additional costs such as mobile phones and mobile computing devices. Lithium-ion-
Use a polymer battery when the battery needs a special shape.
________________________________________ Lithium
Depending on the electrolyte, the secondary chemical reaction of the ion battery characteristic type is different.
Working temperature 4 F 140 F (-20∫ C to 60∫ C)
Recommended for mobile phones, mobile computing devices.
Initial voltage 3. 6 & 7.
2 capacity ranging (
Generally speaking, the capacity of Ni-is twice that of Ni-
Cd cell battery)
Discharge rate flat recharge life 300-
400 cycle charging temperature 32f to 14f F (0∫ C to 60∫ C)
Loss of storage life is less than 0. 1% per month.
Storage Temperature-4 F 140 F (-20∫ C to 60∫ C)
The chemical structure of this battery limits it to a rectangular shape.
Lighter than nickel
Based on the secondary battery (Ni-Cd and NiMH).
________________________________________ LithiumIon-
The characteristic types of polymer batteries are different according to the electrolyte, and the secondary chemical reaction is also different.
The operating temperature improves the performance at low and high temperatures.
Recommended for mobile phones, mobile computing devices.
Initial voltage 3. 6 & 7.
2 capacity varies from battery to battery;
Better than standard lithium-ion.
Discharge rate flat recharge life 300-
400 cycle charging temperature 32f to 14f F (0∫ C to 60∫ C)
Loss of storage life is less than 0. 1% per month.
Storage Temperature-4 F 140 F (-20∫ C to 60∫ C)
Lighter than nickel
Based on the secondary battery (Ni-Cd and NiMH).
It can be made into various shapes. Is Lithium-
Ideal battery?
Over the years, Nickel
From wireless communication to mobile computing, cadmium has always been the only suitable battery for portable devices. Nickel-metal-
Lithium hydroxide
Ions appear in early 1990 against the noseto-
Win the recognition of customers. Today, lithium-
Ion is the fastest growing and most promising battery chemical. The lithium-
Starting in 1912, lithium-ion battery pioneer cooperated with lithium batteries. N.
Lewis, but until the beginning of 1970, the first
Rechargeable lithium batteries are beginning to be sold on the market.
Lithium is the lightest of all metals and has the largest electric potential to provide the maximum energy density for weight.
The attempt to develop a rechargeable lithium battery failed due to safety issues.
Due to the inherent instability of the lithium metal, especially during the charging process, the study of steering non-
Metal lithium battery using lithium ion.
Although the energy density is slightly lower than that of lithium metal, lithium-
Ions are safe, as long as certain precautions are encountered during charging and discharging.
On 1991, Sony will be the first lithium --ion battery.
Other manufacturers followed suit.
Energy density of lithium
Ions are usually twice as high as standard nickel. cadmium.
There is potential for higher energy density.
The load is quite good, similar to nickel
Cadmium in emissions.
High slot voltage of 3.
The battery pack design of only one battery is allowed for 6 volts.
Most of today\'s phones run on one phone. A nickel-
Three 1 based on package. 2-
Volt battery in series. Lithium-
Ions are a low-maintenance battery, an advantage that most other chemicals cannot claim.
There is no memory and there is no need to cycle regularly to extend the life of the battery.
In addition, since
Discharge is less than half as compared to nickel
Cadmium, lithium
Ions are ideal for modern fuel meter applications. lithium-
Ion batteries are treated with little damage.
Despite its overall advantages, lithium-
Ion has its disadvantages.
It is fragile and needs a protection circuit to keep it running safely.
The protection circuit is built into each assembly, limiting the peak voltage of each battery during charging and preventing the battery voltage from falling too low at discharge.
In addition, monitor the battery temperature to prevent extreme temperatures.
The maximum charge and discharge current on most packages is limited between 1C and 2C.
With these precautions, the possibility of a lithium metal plating due to overcharging is actually eliminated.
Aging is a concern for most lithium.
Ion batteries and many manufacturers remain silent on this issue.
After a year, the capacity will drop significantly regardless of whether the battery is in use or not.
After two or three years, the battery often fails.
It should be noted that other chemicals are also old
Related degradation effects
This is especially true of nickel. metal-
Hydrogen if exposed to a high temperature environment.
At the same time, lithium-
As we all know, ion packs have been in service for five years in some applications.
Manufacturers continuously improve lithiumion.
New intensive chemical combinations are introduced every six months or so.
With such rapid progress, it is difficult to assess the extent of the modified battery aging.
Storage in the shade slows down the aging process of lithiumion (
And other chemicals).
The manufacturer recommends a storage temperature of 15 °c (59∞F).
In addition, the battery should be partially charged during storage.
Manufacturers recommend a 40% fee.
The most economical lithium
Ion batteries in terms of costto-
The energy ratio is 18650 cylindrical (
The size is 18mm x 65. 2mm).
This unit is used for mobile computing and other super-thin geometry.
Lithium prism if ultra-thin packaging is required-
Ion batteries are the best choice.
In terms of storing energy, these batteries cost more.
High energy density-
Capacity with greater potential.
It doesn\'t take long to start when new.
Regular charges are required only once.
Relatively low selfdischarge -self-
Less than half of nickel is discharged-Battery based.
Low maintenance-
Regular discharge is not required;
No memory.
Professional batteries can provide very high current for applications such as power tools.
The limitation requires the protection circuit to keep the voltage and current within the safe range.
Aging even if not used
Storing in a cool place with a charge of 40% can reduce the aging effect.
Traffic restrictions-
A large quantity of goods may be regulated.
This restriction does not apply to personal carrying-on batteries.
Expensive manufacturing-
Cost 40% higher than nickelcadmium.
Not fully mature yet
Metals and chemicals continue to change.
Lithium polymer battery lithium-
The polymer is different in the type of electrolyte used from the traditional battery system.
The initial design dates back to 1970 seconds, using a dry solid polymer electrolyte.
This electrolyte is similar to plastic.
Like a film that does not conduct electricity but allows ion exchange (
Charged atoms or atomic groups).
Polymer electrolyte replaces the traditional porous separator soaked with electrolyte.
Dry polymer design provides simplicity in manufacturing, firmness, safety, and lightness
Contour geometry.
The battery thickness measured is only 1mm (0. 039 inches)
, The equipment designer left his imagination in form, shape and size.
Unfortunately, dry lithium
Poor conductivity of polymer.
The internal resistance is too high to provide the burst of current required to power modern communication devices and start the hard drive of mobile computing devices.
Heat the battery to 60 °c (140∞F)
And with higher conductivity, this requirement is not suitable for portable applications.
Some gel electrolyte was added to compromise.
Commercial batteries use a separator/electrolyte membrane prepared by the same traditional porous polyethylene or polypropylene separator filled with polymers, which are gel when filled with liquid electrolysis.
Therefore, commercial lithium
Ion polymer batteries are very similar to liquid electrolyte counters in chemistry and materials. Lithium-ion-
The polymer did not pop up as quickly as some analysts expected.
Its advantages over other systems and lower manufacturing costs have not yet been achieved.
Capacity growth has not improved --
In fact, the capacity is slightly lower than the standard lithium batteryion battery. Lithium-ion-
Polymer Market position in wafer field
Thin geometry such as a battery for credit cards and other such applications.
Very low-key advantages-
A battery similar to the shape of a credit card is feasible.
Flexible form factor
Manufacturers are not subject to standard unit formats.
Large volume, can produce any reasonable size economically. ï Lightweight -
Gel electrolyte simplifies packaging by eliminating the metal housing.
Improve security-
More resistant to overcharging;
There is less chance of electrolyte leakage.
The limit is lower in energy density and the number of cycles compared to lithiumion.
Manufacturing costs are expensive.
No standard size.
Most batteries are produced for the mass consumption market. ï Higher cost-to-
Lithium Energy ratioion image 1 -
Tied up with a commercial bank. image 2-additional(option only)
Extend compatibility to the accessibility of any device. image 1-
Portable speakers are ideal for outdoor use. image2-
PB 3-on LG Prada using usb cable adapter-
PB on portable dvd r/W disc drive
Power Bank (
AA Nimh 2800 mah)1.
Powerbank can\'t charge my tablet? a)
Powerbank with 2A output charges the tablet.
Some tablets can accept lower input (1A or 1. 5A)
, The charging speed is slow and sometimes can only be charged when the tablet is in sleep mode. b)
Due to different cable chipset designs, is cables for some tablets may not be compatible with the power supply group.
Especially for the Samsung Galaxy Tab, we recommend using cables and connectors for the Power Pack (
There are some power banks. 2.
Is the Powerbank Battery running out soon? a)
In general, a well-maintained powerbank can keep up to 80-
90% of its original capacity.
Please check your equipment (phone/ tablet)
Original battery capacity and power capacity.
Please also see Answer 1. a. above. b)
The number of times Powerbank can charge your device depends largely on the capacity of powerbank and the device.
The calculation example shown in answer 2 above. c)
Please do not connect the cable to the power group when not in use. 3.
Can\'t open my powerbank? a)
It is possible that your power bank will run out completely.
Please charge your powerbank.
When powerbank receives enough power, the indicator will start flashing. b)
Your powerbank may be in sleep mode.
Powerbank will cut off automatically-
When the possibility of excessive detection is detected, turn off the power and enter sleep modecharge/ over-
Discharge/Short Circuit-circuit.
This is sometimes due to a cable failure problem.
Please charge it with the plug on the wall and activate the sleep power (3-pin plug)
Cable in good condition. 4.
What is the life of Powerbank?
In general, a well-maintained powerbank can keep up to 80-
Original capacity of 90%-400
500 charge and discharge cycle (
Charge then discharge = 1 cycle, whether you charge/discharge in part or in full).
Before your power bank no longer has enough to meet your needs, you can choose to purchase a new power bank.
There, Powerbank is a very useful device that can really help when needed.
Especially when you\'re outdoors or in a disaster where powergrid is down.
Hope you enjoy it & hope to help those who are interested in doing or building their own power bank.
Some of the DIY Powerbank shown here can be found on the instructions I found here.